Should people in the military who are underage be allowed to drink Annotated Bibliography

Should people in the military who atomic number 18 venial be allowed to drink alcohol - Annotated Bibliography ExampleOn the other hand, the opponents point out that the existing rectitude prohibits small-scale drinking. Such division warrants a deeper examination of the issue from a multi-faceted approach.The US law espouses that the youth below the age of the twenty-one long time should not show alcohol while serving in the military. Many states in the US have enforced the laws restrict the underage from drinking. Article XXI of the US Constitution bans the underage from possessing and consuming alcohol.Statistics indicate that heavy drinking and substance abuse is a great problem that has plagued the military. The personnel use alcohol to relieve boredom, stress, loneliness, and lack of recreational activities.The US laws that control the underage drinking is applicable even on overseas deployments. Hence, the youths should comply with the US laws, even if the host surface area allows the underage use of alcohol.A good example of the application of the US law is evident at the US-Mexican border. The Mexico laws allow people less than twenty-one years to drink alcohol. However, the military ensured that the US youths did not take the alcohol by enforcing the existing laws that prohibit underage drinking.The people below the age of twenty-one years are not mature abundant to exercise the responsibility of their lives. Hence, allowing the youths to drink alcohol can imply the delivery of duties in the military.The application of the law is on equal measure to all the US citizens. The laws are clear that people under the age of twenty-one years should not possess and consume alcohol. The preference to join the military does not imply that the youths are above the law.Joining the military is a weft that one foxs. The fact that the youths have enlisted in the military does not mean their brains are mature enough to take alcohol responsibly. In fact, s tudies have shown the people under the age of twenty-one years cannot make conscious decisions.It is not advisable to

Strategy creation in non-profit organizations The National Development Research Paper

Strategy creation in non-profit organizations The National Development mental hospital of Jamaica - Research Paper ExampleEntrepreneurs in their quest for profits adopt various strategic measures to further occupation growth and development. These atomic number 18 common perceptions that atomic number 18 held for any kind of business activity. On the one(a) hand it is true that businesses comprise for profit creation and sustaining business development activities, but the fact that firms lead moral and social obligations to the community in which they exist dealnot be ignored. Quite a lot of organizations exist and operate to serve the community and its social needs. These organizations are popularly termed as non-profit organizations that seek to improve the golf club in which they live. The National Development Foundation of Jamaica (NDFJ) is one such organization that is committed to assist micro, teeny-weeny and medium enterprises in adjustting up and promoting their business goals through the delivery of innovative financing products. How can a non-profit organization sustain its business goals and activities and what are the strategic measures such organizations can take to survive and grow in existing economic conditions. These are some of the vital issues facing the management of organizations analogous NDFJ. The paper highlights the significance of strategic means and the measures that can be taken by organizations to sustain and meet their developmental goals. Strategic plans and their role in businesses Managerial strategies are essential to running a successful business venture especially in todays chaotic market and business scenario. Strategy refers to a plan of action set out by those who are at the organizations manoeuver providing direction to the managers and employees. The company directors and professionals for achieving long-term company goals and business objectives often design the strategic plans. Strategic provision th erefore consists of competitive moves and improvementes to increase performance and productivity within an organization. It is basically a game plan for running the business, strengthening the companys competitive property, satisfying customers and achieving performance targets. Strategic planning answers tierce vital questions beta in guiding the organizations moves. It identifies the companys current position providing answer to Where are we now? The second question that it strives to answer is Where do we want to go? This refers to the companys marketing financial and business objectives. Identifying the objectives of the organization helps in finalizing and framing of operational plans and strategic approach that will be required to achieve the goals. The process of strategic management aims to answer the most important question How will we get there? This is the stage where the strategic alternatives relevant to the particular business scenario are weighed and measured agai nst the desired outcome and the most appropriate move adopted. The strategic management process then involves developing strategic mission and vision that is translated into measurable objectives. The organization then develops plans, referred to as strategies, to achieve the set objectives. The next stage involves the effective implementation and execution of the strategic plans. The results or outcome of the implemented strategies are evaluated at the end of the cycle. These strategies need to be revised and modified time and again in daring of critical situation. Hence it is hardly possible for a company to follow set strategies across an elongated

Protection of human rights and armed conflict Essay

Protection of human rights and build up conflict - Essay ExampleHumanitarian encumbrance is primarily motivated by humane objectives moreover in near of the cases there are strategic motives attached to the military action and the integrity and sovereignty of the state against which the action is taken is challenged which is totally against the UN charter and international law. There are no criteria established for humanitarian intervention to decide when, how and under what circumstances it becomes inevitable to intervene in the internal personal business of a sovereign state. The issue of humanitarian intervention has become the most debatable one invariably since the end of the Cold War period because there are two schools of thoughts, one which considers it to be rattling legitimate, legal and essential for the establishment of UN human rights charter in each and e real country of the area while others challenge its legality on the grounds of being against the sovereig nty of a state (Murphy, 1996). The strain discusses the legality and effectiveness of the humanitarian intervention with reference to various incidents of humanitarian intervention and peace trading operations in different regions of the world. Various different definitions drive been presented by scholars from different schools of thoughts. ... The supporters of humanitarian intervention deem the objective of provision of fundamental human rights to each and every individual in this world the root word of their support of external interference in the affairs of a state. The scholars and debaters who do not support the topic of humanitarian intervention argue on the basis of the Article 2(4) of the UN Charter which restricts the use of force against both sovereign state. They further argue that humanitarian intervention for the restoration of fundamental human rights can be used as a way of achieving the political and strategic goals by the countries that are imposing a milit ary expedition on a country and this kind of abuse of humanitarian intervention is very easy to carry out. Under such circumstances the humanitarian intervention can never be effective enough to achieve the primary goals of the protection of human rights (Jokic, 2003). There are incidents in which humanitarian intervention has aggravated the violation of human rights in the affected areas. The military personnel of the peace retention forces are sometimes involved in the violation of human rights. The deciding authority, the UN auspices Council in most of the cases is a big question on the legitimacy and efficacy of the humanitarian intervention because certain states have political and strategic motives associated with the governances of certain states. For example recent scenario in Sudan where most of the states in the United Nations Security Council were in favor of a military intervention by UN forces, China had other plans because of its ties with the Sudanese government ba sed on oil supply contracts between the two. In the following pages the effectiveness of humanitarian intervention

Absenteeism within the Work Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Absenteeism within the Work Place - leaven ExampleResearchers as well as practitioners are besides performing their part to find a remedy that can at least reduce employee absenteeism and thereby improve the productiveness and savings in cost. It is known commonly that absenteeism results in cost and productivity problems, puts extra burden on other employees, and in conclusion affects adversely customer satisfaction and the countrys economy. It has been observed through many studies that lack of absenteeism results in better quality, pass up costs, and greater productivity (Hazzard, 1990). Absenteeism is pervasive in all organization irrespective of size, type and nature. However, it is higher in manufacturing organizations. Research supports both reward and punitive mechanism of destructing absenteeism and helping organizations meet its demand to various stakeholders. The look study is an attempt to suggest some solutions to this mounting problem of workers absenteeism. The st udy basically aims to assess the reasons of absenteeism among the selected model respondents from industrial background. It also attempts to understand the impact of unauthorized absenteeism on productivity and cost of production and at long last on profit. The study takes a descriptive as well as explorative approach where in attempt is made by the researcher to describe the various factors responsible for employee absenteeism and to explore the relationship surrounded by variables.... It also covers studies and publications on remedial measures of absenteeism adopted by employers and those suggested by researchers and practitioners.As already mentioned, absenteeism is a everyday phenomenon. However, it is mostly seen in the manufacturing/industrial sectors. It has been observed that employee absenteeism is higher in manufacturing organisations than in any other areas (Hazzard, 1990). It has also been understood that it is higher in union settings than in nonunion settings. Ano ther significant study concludes that absenteeism is to a greater extent common among women than men as women are more sensitive to family needs (Dunn and Youngblood, 1986). Another interesting decision is that absenteeism is high among unmarried than among married workers. The reason for the same observed is that married employees find more monetary pressure than single employees and as such there is less chance of employees taking special leaves (Drago and Wooden, 1992). The studies undertaken so far to explore the reasons for/ factors responsible for employee absenteeism vary one to another. However, one common conclusion among studies across industries and countries is that employee unscheduled absenteeism should be restricted and given due importance as it will serious repercussions on productivity and profitability. Steers and Rhodes (1984) claim that employee attendance is determined by two factors, basically, (a) employees motivation to attend, and (b) the employees abilit y to attend. The first factor is touch on with the organizational factors that stimulate employees to attend for the work. These factors include cordial working

Business and economy of contemporary china Essay

agate line and economy of contemporary china - Essay ExampleDuring the 1950s to 1970s, the government seemed to be in ascendancy of the matter alone in the early 80s, there was an increase in the sum of missing women. Moreover, intimately institutions and government bodies linked this with the introduction of the one-child policy that is still there today. Naturally, the implementation of this initiative is an effort to see the increased population growth. People that get more than one-child face the set penalties of reduced salaries and limited annoy to social facilities however, this takes place after the children are born.In the 1980s, the one-child policy did not work of well because the proportion of male to female was not proportionate leading to the allowance of a second child for families that lived in rural areas. However, this was only if the first-born child was a girl. The government supported this policy for a while but in the late 1990s the World Health Organizat ion intervened due to a significant number of missing women because of abandonment (Lehmann 2013). Generally, the current abandonment of girls and disabled children has its history with the only difference being the causes and implications for the variant periods (Milson 2014). All the same, it has a been an economic and social problem for over fifty years and the different tactical manoeuvre implemented to counter this always end up failing.Significantly, China is in record for having the biggest imbalance among men and women in its population because of the abandonment of infant females that fairly contributes to the increased mortality rate. On the different hand, there are more men in China than any other state in the world, creating more gender issues for the nation. Some of the implications of female and disabled children abandonment include the popular abduction and slave portion out market (Young 2014). Today, people refer to the different venues as

Improvement measures on Sight Savers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

get along with measures on Sight Savers - Essay Examplecult for the agreement to exhibit effective governance The judicature is also grappling with how to leave their finances to professional push throughsiders without losing control of the organizations activities. Sight Savers world-wide can consumption several key performance indicators to define, as well as measure their progress towards their goals. In order to plan for an uncertain future, one thing that they have to do is improve the take of confidence and curse in the organization from the public. The archetypal KPI here is the overall level of confidence and trust in their almsgiving organization from the public, which they can carry out using an independent survey every ii years (Marr, 2012 p22). Their target here should be to improve their ratings continuously over their 2007 baseline. The second KPI would be a survey by stakeholders of the effectiveness of their charity sectors main regulator, which would also be carried out by an independent survey (Marr, 2012 p22). They should also measure the confidence and trust in their charity as compared with other professions and organizations every two years in order to be informed on their standing. The organization should also seek to achieve service delivery standards that are acceptable to their main clients. Their first KPI to a lower place this strategy would be the percentage of their clients who said that they did a commendable job across their commonwealth of execution (Molyneaux, 2009 p11). Second would be the average individual or charity rating at sign stir point who said that their operate as provided were those that they required. Third would be the amplify in use of their services across their area of operations. They should also use the average time that they take to deal with issues brought up by their clients as a key... The first KPI here is the overall level of confidence and trust in their charity organization from the public, which they can carry out using an independent survey every two years (Marr, 2012 p22). Their target here should be to improve their ratings continuously over their 2007 baseline. The second KPI would be a survey by stakeholders of the effectiveness of their charity sectors main regulator, which would also be carried out by an independent survey (Marr, 2012 p22). They should also measure the confidence and trust in their charity as compared with other professions and organizations every two years in order to be informed on their standing.The organization should also seek to achieve service delivery standards that are acceptable to their main clients. Their first KPI under this strategy would be the percentage of their clients who said that they did a commendable job across their area of operation (Molyneaux, 2009 p11). Second would be the average individual or charity rating at initial contact point who said that their services as provided were those that they required. Thir d would be the increase in use of their services across their area of operations. They should also use the average time that they take to deal with issues brought up by their clients as a key performance indicator. Another key performance indicator would be the increase in the publications that they send out directly to their client base on the services that they provide (Molyneaux, 2009 p11).

Education and Medicines in Saudi Arabia and the United States Research Paper

reading and Medicines in Saudi Arabia and the United States - Research Paper ExampleIn spite of having various similarities, Saudi Arabia and USA are acutely diverse in various fields. In the field of education, the two countries be in possession of a completely different outlook in terms of approach towards education, the rate of literacy, religion followed in school (). Other educational differences include the gender roles, grading scales and stages of education (Stevenson). For instance, attendance is mandatory for indigenous and secondary level students in the USA, whereas attendance is not mandatory in similar levels in Saudi Arabia (Stevenson). Also, while the USA boasts of a literacy rate of almost 99% for twain men and women, Saudi Arabia holds a literacy rate of only 84.7% for men and 70.8% for women (Stevenson). Moreover, the two countries differ grossly in terms of religion followed. Although the majority of the US population follows Christianity, the country is ho me to the followers of various diverse religions as well. However, Saudi Arabia is a country that strictly follows Islam and Muslims dominate society. Also, the two countries exhibit totally uncommon lifestyles (The Differences). People have a conservative mindset in terms of women. Here two women are forbidden to go away together. Moreover, they have to keep their heads covered in public. On the other hand, USA reveals a liberal and pop mindset in which both the genders can enjoy equal privileges (The Differences). Strangely, the countries, Saudi Arabia and the United States reveal both similarities and dissimilarities.

Love vs. Lust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Love vs. zest - Essay ExampleIt takes the relationship to the next level and is provides relief to the soul. When a person is in deal with some oneness he or she wants to share their mental pictures, thoughts and secrets with the former(a) person thus bringing them closer to one another. Love is a sieve of commitment one has with another person, and it provides assurance that the plurality in bang will support each other at both times and will face all conflicts together, instead of just liberal up. (What is Love 2012) Love is something which give noticenot be bought or sold, and is totally independent. You netnot force a person to love you neither can you force yourself to love another person. Love is spontaneous. It just happens, and we go no control over it. One cannot just stop loving a person, because once he or she is in love, it becomes almost impossible to let go. A person in love is fake to take risks for his or her loved one, and this is one of the finest qualit ies of love. A mother would risk all(prenominal)thing for her child, because she loves her child. When a child is born, a mother lets go of all her enjoyment and other worldly things, in order to tend to her child and take care of the child. Love cannot be used as a bait to lure someone, nor can it be given as a reward. (Love Without Limits, 2012) When there is love between two people, there is a sense of security between them. They know that the other person will protect them and tend to their e rattling need. They are even ready to make all sorts of sacrifices for each other. It is a complete sense of homage to a person or persons, no matter what comes in their way. Besides, love cannot be measured neither can you measure the time period for which two people love each other. It can be months, years or you can spend your entire life loving someone. It can start or end in a flick. The decision to love someone doesnt depend on your desires or hormones. (Love vs Lust 2012) Lust, on the other hand, is a short lived feeling of intense versed desire for someone. It is all told different from love. Like, a mother loves her child, while a person, on seeing someone attractive, can set up a feeling of lust towards him or her. It is basically being concerned that what the other person can provide us with and fulfills our desires. It is an intense feeling of pleasure and craving for self-satisfaction, which mostly means sexual intercourse. The ducking is mostly on fulfilling ones desires. It can either be done by giving money or happens when a person sees someone he or she finds attractive. It is generally a feeling of arousal one senses when he or she spot someone appealing. So lust depends on looks and physical structure of a person. One night stands, are also a sign of lust, in which two people engage in sexual intercourse, and leave in the morning without making plans of seeing each other again or having any sort of deep conversation. No real feelings are dis cussed and it is purely a physically intimate moment. (Lust vs Love Do You Know the Difference?, 2012) Lust is also regarded as sort of a dangerous feeling, because it is very intense and a person wants to physically bond with the person he or she is attracted to. Lust can hinder with your thinking capability. It does not let one think forthwith or logically, because strong emotions one is feeling for another person to bond physically. It activates ones sexual hormones, and the only thing he or she wants to do is to satisfy their sexual needs. This can be very

Why some students cheats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why somewhat students cheats - Essay ExampleSimilarly, students who cheat on academic work do so be front they feel the pressures of such(prenominal) an environment, and, lacking the means to pass the grade by their own skills and knowledge alone, they depend upon an unfair proceeds to help them. Because of this, the rationale behind cheating is deeply embedded in human and animal nature, and the operations of the education system.The education system does not exist to enlighten its students. Ideally, however, it does offer students what they will need in life, and the opportunity to seek those goals. Post-secondary education institutions market their product instead by stressing class differences and distinctions between those who progress to a degree and those who do not. The requirements of a typical University often make personal success item upon ones ability to conform to the expectations and needs of the department. It is the expectations of the college department which p rod students to try their hand at cheating. They do so in an effort to avoid falling behind and potentially losing their chance to move further into the course of study they found themselves on. This fear is based on economics and personal expectations (those of the student, his parents, and faculty). omnipresent access to the internet is often cited as the cause of a large volume of academic dishonesty. still although the internet is a necessary cause, it is not sufficient. While the internet has made cheating a to a greater extent efficient process for students, it has not made irrelevant the more fundamental reasons for students to decide to cheat. The root cause of most cheating is, as I have already identified, unrealistic expectations on the part of parents, teachers, and faculty. These individuals fork up the selection pressures on the cheater and make it such that if he or she does not cheat, he or she will be selected against and not allowed to move on. This cheating is s een as natural precisely because it is all

Risk aversion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk aversion - Assignment ExampleGenerally, the extent of peril aversion is the degree to which the individualistic prefers the certain income over the uncertain income. In terms of a value usance, this translates to the distance between the gain generated by the certain income and the public return company generated by the gamble which has an expected income bear on to the certain income. Obviously, for a cupular utility endure, the utility of the certain income leave alone lie above the utility of the uncertain income with the same expected value. For a convex utility function this will be reversed. These ar explained in the diagram below (figure 1). Figure 1 Risk Aversion and the curvature of the utility function In the diagram above, a rational individual is considered whose preferences are represented by the utility function U(.) defined over money incomes X. Suppose the individual has a choice of either playing a lottery with two possible outcomes X1 and X2, where X2 X1. To keep things simple let us further assume that two outcomes reachly likely to occur. That is, both outcomes X1 and X2 nonplus a probability of occurrence = ?. Thus if X1 is realized the individual gets U(X1) and if X2 realizes, the individual derives U(X2). Then, the expected income from the lottery is ?X1+X2 and the expected utility is ? U(X1) +U(X2). Now, observe that whether the utility derived by the individual from a certain income of ?X1+X2 which is equal to U?X1+X2 lies above ? U(X1) +U(X2), the expected utility from the lottery with an expected earning of ?X1+X2, depends upon the curvature of the function. When the utility function is concave, . This shows that the individual prefers a certain income over and above a lottery with an expected income that is equal to certain income. Extending this logic it is simple to show that a risk loving individual will have a convex utility function firearm a risk soggy person will have a utility function that has a const ant slope. Also, greater the distance between U?X1+X2 and ? U(X1) +U(X2), the more risk averse is the individual, since the preference for the certain income is even greater in that case. This implies that the more concave the utility function the greater will be the risk aversion of the individual. Similarly, greater the convexity of the utility function, greater will be the individuals love for risk. Therefore, it can be generally agree upon that a risk-averse person will have a concave utility function while a risk lover will have a convex utility function. A risk neutral persons preferences will be designated by a utility function with a constant slope. Now, Mr. Ds Utility function is Then, and, Since , and thus, Mr. Ds utility function is demonstrablely sloped. A positively sloped utility function implies more income is preferred to less by Mr. D. For his billet towards risk, the curvature (sign of the second order derivative) of the utility function has to be considered. Now , and, Therefore, the utility function is convex if the value of the positive contention and it is concave if the positive parameter . If the utility function is concave, Mr. D is risk averse while if the utility function is convex, then Mr. D is in nature a risk loving person. Therefore, regarding the attitude of Mr. D towards risk, we conclude the following Mr. Ds attitude towards risk depends on the value of the parameter . If , Mr. D loves

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Company law - Essay ExampleThe duties as intumesce as the obligations of the directors, workers and the other officers are encompassed in Sec 179 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australian Company Incorporation run 2012). The Corporations Act 2001 (CTH) is regarded as the company law that exists in Australia. The responsibilities as well as the duties of the directors are specifically mentioned under the law which needs to be abided by the directors of the companies. The laws that are believed to preside over the duties as well as responsibilities of the directors are considered to source or originate from three different areas. The stated areas have been set as the statute law that is encompassed by the Corporations Act 2001 (CTH), the law made by the judges or common law and the constitution of a particular company (Australian Company Incorporation Services 2012). ... he common law entail that they need to primarily carry out their activities in relation or compliance with the be st possible interests concerning the company. The directors should not indulge themselves in any physical body of activities that does not flirt a proper or appropriate intention. The behavior of the director needs to be performed with care as well as adequate meticulousness. The directors are stated by the law to act in genuine ways with the intention to keep away from any kind of disagreements relating to interests. It is withal considered quite imperative for the directors to invalidate or not get engaged in an activity that involves taking inappropriate advantage of their several(prenominal) positions as well as information. Finally, it is expected from them to refrain from entering into any kind of business dealing while they are considered to be insolvent (Australian Company Incorporation Services 2012). Qualifying as a director under the Corporations Act 2001 (CTH) implies that few definite obligations as well as duties need to obligatorily perform by the directors. T he violation of the mentioned obligations under the law would lead to strict legal actions against the directors. The directors are also required to discharge few fiduciary duties that are stated under the mentioned law. These kinds of duties that need to be carried out by the directors of the companies entail the rule out of misusing the position of the directors in order to attain any kind of an advantage with regard to their personal interests or even for some other individual. They need to take copious precaution while performing their activities in order to avoid any damage or firing with respect to the related corporation (Australian Company Incorporation Services 2012). The fiduciary duties prohibit the

Business in a Competitive Environment -technology Article

Business in a Competitive Environment -technology - Article ExampleThere atomic number 18 a number of factors that influence the merchandises predilection of peerless technology over some other and these include innovation and lock-in forces.Innovation has been defined differently by different people but the one thing that is common in all its definitions is the need to complete the exploitation and development aspects of new cognition or technology, not just its invention. Innovation is often confused with invention but the later is the primary step of the lengthy process of developing a good idea into wide spread and telling use by consumers. A good invention does not guarantee market preference and and so market success. Once a good technological invention has been created, innovation tools such as market development, project management, organizational behaviour and financial management, just to mention a few, have to be employ in order to make the invented technology suc cessful in the market. For instance, when consumers or markets are faced with the finding to select a technology among many available technologies, the consumers will find it necessary to base their finality on several innovative aspects such as the technology that gives a richer user experience, is easily accessible, has evolving capabilities, is secure, and beaver serves the need of the business, among other aspects.The direction of technological innovation is a major determinant of the technology that gets preference in a market. Technological innovation can either be sustaining or disruptive. Sustaining innovations are those that render to improve an already existing technology in order to increase its value to the market bit disruptive innovations aim to introduce entirely new technology to the market in order to switch the old technology. Disruptive technological innovations often overlap with radical breakthroughs but sometimes represent advances in business models. Lea ding companies and governments in tend to be very successful at implementing sustaining

Anything in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anything in business - Essay ExampleThe tablet depart be annoy beyond the Wife provided. It will be able to catch Web access via simple linking it to the Blackberry. only when the tablet will also function as a standalone advice. RIMS COEE cl carrys that the ultimate aim of this tablet is to provide a full on computer and web experience on the tablet. This meaning that the dependency of tablet would be very little on third party applications. On its end, the Playbook is a step signn by RIM to protect its position as the top notch provider of mobile gadgets for the business set. It will also have flash applications. On the other hand, Apple chief executive officer Steve Jobs has voiced his restraint in allowing Flash on companys mobile gadgets claiming that the software has similarly many bugs and rips apart too much battery life.RIMs close relationship with its divers(a) corporeal clients can help the company extract a certain portion of the tablet trade which is originall y Apples niche. If it moves strategically, then it can take away that portion of the market share.IDC predicts that the corporate market for tablet computer will keep growing with the growth of sales of these tablets in the attached few years. It is forecasted that roughly 11 percent of the overall sales of the tablet PCs will be tell to schools till 2014.Playbook and Ipad will be at loggerheads with each other. It remains to be seen who beats whom. While Playbook will not just be work oriented, it will have video games, it looks like Ipad will take the edge in styling. And the market is not just restricted to RIMs tablet. When Ipad came, it brought with itself, a oscillate of competitors, so naturally Ipad is not the only competitor out there. Even Dell is headed in this direction. It came up with its own tablet computer called Streak in August. Similarly Samsung is all set to launch wandflower tab next month and already has four carriers in its kitty booked. The battle is on a nd it is only going to get

Criminology 11 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminology 11 - investigate Paper ExampleCertainly to a victim of crime the sentencing phase is the most critical depart of the justice system. The Canadian system incorporates the input of the victim whenever practical to do so. In this way the sentencing plow focuses on addressing the damage inflicted by the offenders actions and its impact on the victim and to society, instead of centre exclusively on the punishment aspect. If the person accused of a crime either pleads or is plunge guilty, the court has many options. Prior to sentencing the judge generally requests a pre-sentencing report which provides information regarding the accused fellowships realistic prospects for rehabilitation. It also assesses the potential threat to the community they present. While preparing the report, the parole officer unremarkably contacts the victim to establish the nature and significance of the physical, psychological, financial and material harms they suffered. (Victims, 2011).The Can adian government reformed the wretched Code in September 1996. Included in these comprehensive reforms is sentencing guidelines that promote reparations for the various injuries inflicted on victims and the community. In addition, the sentencing guidelines are meant to teach the offender a sense of responsibility and appreciation of the hurt caused to the victim(s) and to society. Both of these objectives introduce the restorative nature of the sentencing phase in the Canadian system of justice. However, this rethinking of sentencing procedures does not replace but adds to the tralatitious objectives of sentencing such as deterrence, denunciation and rehabilitation.The addition of restorative sentencing in 1996 was referred to as a watershed score the most significant reform to the law of sentencing in Canadas history by the Supreme dally of Canada when considering the Gladue decision. (Making, 2012). The high court

Hunger in Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

smart in Africa - Research Paper ExampleMost of the countries which are intensely affected by the hungriness crisis are West Africa, South Sudan, East Africa, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mauritania, Chad, Senegal etc (Fighting Hunger in Africa). Currently, Africa is still suffering from this diverseness of crisis among its tidy sum and is still having difficulty in resolving this never ending issue. Thus, this paper aims to discuss the yearning in Africa and the major causes on why until now the countries in this continent still starve to death. However, cod to the wide scope of the topic smart in Africa, this paper only limit to the effects of hunger among children. Hunger in Africa Hunger can cause series of health problems and nutritional deficiencies if a person failed to eat sufficient amount of viands intake in a daily basis. These mainly involve malnutrition, stunting, underweight, undernourishment, and worst death (Hunger). boorren are at higher risk acquiring these health conditions payable to their vulnerability and low immunity. In Africa, there are about 227 million people suffering from famine and severe malnutrition. According to the New Partnership for Africas Development (Nepad), in every minute, 12 people die in Africa because of extreme hunger (Chiumia). Most of these hungry individuals are situated in rude areas in which their means of livelihood is agriculture and has no any alternative sources of income which made them highly indefensible to crisis like hunger (Hunger). For instance, in West Africa, a number of African families had been experiencing starvation overdue to lack of victuals sources to suffice the needs of their hungry stomachs because of insufficient rainfall and failed crops. Food and even water shortage brought individuals to extreme hunger and acute malnutrition specifically children who, at their age, highly need enough food and nutrition for them to grow healthy and well-nourished. However, reports had sho wn that families in countries of Africa can hardly give their family member enough food to eat every solar day because of extreme poverty, high food prices, and droughts on their farms (West Africa Child Hunger). If non given immediate solution, malnutrition rate in Africa among individuals particularly children will grow. As a result, the immune organisation of children will weaken due to poor nutrition permitting them towards acquiring diseases which might kill them if treated aright away. These mainly include pneumonia, malaria, and diarrhea (Fighting Hunger in Africa). In Niger, absenteeism rate among children in check is relatively high. Half of the class had been absent due to their intense desire to help their parents to earn a living. These children are forced to work at an early age upon seeing that their parents can no longer give them enough amount of food everyday due to poverty. Hence, they prefer to be absent in school than to let their family members starve to de ath. As a consequence, they took for granted their chances to have a better lives in the future through education and also, their right had been exploited due to child labor (West Africa Child Hunger). However, we cannot blame these children for their actions because what they are doing are for the benefit and survival of their families in a day to day basis. On the other hand, South Sudan is considered to have the highest child/infant mortality rate and has the

The use of progress monitoring can help provide educators with a Essay - 1

The use of progress monitoring can champion provide educators with a valuable tool to improve their own teaching - Essay Exampleremise of the withstand is that moral propensities and principles are the end-result of forces of culture, laws of nature, and the contingencies of history (Shermer, 18). The author presents a contention that believers do not need to be alienated. Since the general acceptance for the existence of God makes it acceptable for one to believe that God created and laws of nature to enlighten within human beings a moral sense. Furthermore, He also inculcated moral principles within human cultures. Without religion, it would be hard to achieve morality. This remains the basic premise from which the accredited definition of religion can be developed, and it serves as the principal target of Shermer in his book. At the radical of Shermers argument regarding the evolution of morality, is the cite and actual sense of religion. Shermer describes religion as a soci al institution that progressed as a fundamental mechanism of human philosophy (Shermer 7). The importance of the origin of religion was to create and promote myths with a chance of encouraging cooperation and altruism. Furthermore, religion encompasses the discouragement of competitiveness and selfishness. Thus, the real meaning of religion is the revelation of the level of duty for members of the community to unite and return goodness.Shermer poses the interrogatory can individuals lead moral lives in the absence of resort to a transcendent being that might or might not exist? In his query, he recognize the immediate and historic function of religious practice in inculcating moral values. He argues that the true meaning of religion enable one to develop moral character while observing good way of life. The author creates the most precise definition of religion. He argues that it is important to ask the following question can individuals construct an ethical system in the absenc e of religion? The answer the Shermer proposes appears to be favourable on both counts. He does not belittle or disregard human

Jubilee Essay Example for Free

Jubilee EssayJubilee is a recital written by Margaret Walker and was first make in 1966. The writer, instructor as tumefy as intellectual was born(p) in 1915 and is best acknowledge for her civil war memoir Jubilee as well as for her influential anthology of poems concerning ethnic assertion. Walkers record is one of the initial tales to present the African-Americans nineteenth century experience inwardly the South from a feminine as well as a blacks perspective.The narrative won the Houghton Mifflins Literary Fellowship Award, and is a fictionalized explanation of the life of Margaret Duggans strugglee Brown, Walkers great-grandmother who was born in Dawson in Terrell state as a slave and lived during reconstruction inside South atomic number 74 Georgia. The narrative is based on tales Walkers maternal grandmother narrated to her. (Walker. M, 1999)The seriously celebrated diachronic narrative/long fiction centers on the story of Vyry, a bi-racial slave in the Civil W ar in America and deals with a number of subjects like racism, freedom, slaves or thraldom, Civil war, women, christianity, reconstruction, African- Americans among other major themes. The narrative is set in Georgia and afterward in diverse sections of Alabama during the mid-1800s prior to, during, as well as following the civil war.The following is an explanation of the setting in place and time, the manner in which the author takes the reader there, the major characters, the history studied from the narrative, what the reader can study concerning civil war, slavery and reconstruction, whether the author views slavery as paternalistic or autocratic as well as what the narrative states concerning why reconstruction was not successful.

Art History French Revolution Analysis Essay Example for Free

Art recital French Revolution Analysis EssayA precise distinct difference between A and B, is that A shows that sleep in a different light, as a source hungry and power crazed man and the phrase ..absolute power corrupts absolutely.. applies very perfectly in this pic. His paintings exhaust evolved from the purpose of propaganda for the transplant and promoting his attribute as a hard-working and flag-waving(prenominal) man to promoting his power, wealth and less than subtle military mathematical process in this painting, and it also shows a rather discrete relation to the paintings that the Bourbon Kings may have commissioned to have been painted for them. Painting B was painted in 1804, before forty winks became corrupted with the power and wealth that comes with his position and interprets his character as a hard-working man, with equality to others. Painting A was created in 1806 two long time after painting B, and it confirms the results of his corruption and cha nged character and perspective.B shows Napoleon with the attri savees previously stated, a hard-working and patriotic man. This painting shows that he is hard working by painting him in his study, thus perhaps suggesting that he had a decent and educational upbringing. Another aspect in this painting that shows that he is hard-working is that his right hand is on a stack of papers on the Napoleonic Code that he perhaps just end writing, showing that he is different from the Bourbon Kings, who could not and would not do any administrations.B shows that Napoleon is patriotic because of many reasons. One, being that his article of clothing colour is one of the patriotic colours of France (red, washrag and blue be the patriotic colours of France). Two, being that in the background there is a window over feel Paris, the rebuilt Notre fowl in particular implying that he is with the people and for the people and of the people. Three, being that his sword hung beside his hip to show th at he is always prepared to defend his country against any menaces.Painting As style is very different style from painting B. Painting B is rather modest and using rich colours, but has less luxurious texture than painting A gives, whereas painting A uses even more glorious and rich colours and the texture of his clothing and accessories are even more lavish than painting B. we whoremaster see a difference in Napoleons face as well, in this painting, his face looks like it has been caked with white powder, much like the Royals used to do, and his face is also much more expression-less than painting B. B at least shows some degree, although quite sm only, of emotion. His face portrays a rather serious emotion.The angle of which we view the Napoleon has also changed quite drastically and contradicts one of the Napoleonic Codes that he himself created. In B we are looking at Napoleon on an equal level, showing that although our statuses may not be the same, we are silence equal, on e of the most important things that the revolution strived to achieve, Egalite (equality). However, in Painting A we are gazing at Napoleon who is sitting above us, on a throne with a range of royal and exquisite items. The change in position clearly indicated the sign of his corruption and the nullification of one of the codes that he created for the people which was that all people shall be treated equally. In this painting we look above to see him, as if he is of a higher class than the people of Paris, above them.His clothing difference is also very august as well. His clothing in painting B is modest, and thoroughly middle-class while also representing his retain in the Revolution by wearing a Revolution colour (red). The texture of the fabric seems to be rather harshly depicted in the painting, which perhaps was meant to show that he did not spend an unnecessary amount of money buying an over-excessive amount of clothing and other various luxuries like the Royals and the up per-class. The fabric of his clothing is painted in a much more overgenerous manner in painting A than painting B. David paints his fabric with sinuous lines and rich colours. The clothing that he wears in this painting shows his corruption, that he has spend the unnecessary and excessive amount of money for such luxuries.Another sign of his corruption shown in his rig out is the crown that he wears on his head. Crown, symbolizing royalism. Crown, symbolizing that he fancies himself the King Of France, after all the codes that he has created to distill the peoples fears of a dictator, a dictator was still what they have received. He may not manifestly be flaunting that he is in fact dictating, but he is still dictating in a more indistinct fashion. He uses clever manipulations of thoughts and opinions about him by a clever use of marketing strategies, which enhances his image and persona and most importantly his rule.

Online vs Brick and Mortar Essay Example for Free

Online vs Brick and Mortar EssayIn todays world, everyone is al flairs so prompt and sometimes there is just non enough time in the day to stretch forth every last(predicate) your work done. Technology is changing to make everything in our lives easier like the way we pay bills, online banking, find information, accept reviews, order tickets, and so much more. One thing that technology has changed that is adept for everyone is the way we shop. Brick-and-mortar has always existed, but now with online shopping it has pay off a competition to the old-fashioned way. nearly people spend their days at work, thus come root to clean, cook dinner, help the children with homework, and start out them ready for bed. With all that going on people sometimes forget things that they were supposed to do. So now instead of bothering to go to the store, you faecal matter comfortably sit on the couch and shop for what you need without all the hassle.Online shopping is becoming more p opular these days, because you can now get anything you want without leaving your home, it has many pull aheads, different sale opportunities, but there argon also some inconveniences. When you are at the store, fork out you ever experienced one of those annoying and eager sales people nerve-racking to pressure you to spoil a certain product that you lose no interest in or just feeling at? When shopping online you volition not experience that problem any more. Online shopping has many advantages that benefit everyone, which going to the traditional store does not offer. Now you do not flummox to leave your home when you want to go to the store. You depart not be wasting money on the gas to get there and back. Also when you shop online you never have to nark roughly the Internet closing (Top 10 Benefits Of Online obtain, 2013).Stores have a closing time, except Wal-Mart, and if you dont make it before closing you are out of luck until the next day. You will not have to w orry about if the store is busy or if the lines will be long, because it will only be you on your computer. Online shopping is perfect if your t givespeople or state does not have the store that you love to shop at. Now you can get on the computer and still shop there without all the travel time. The best thing about online shopping is that there is normally more selection (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). If you went to the store already and if they did not have what you wanted any more, you could go online and there are normally more or different products you can pick from.Another benefit to online shopping is sending gifts (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). If your friends or relatives live in a different state, instead of mailing a gift you can go online, buy the item, and have them carry it to the recipients home. When shopping online compared to going to the store, you will receive different promotion or throw out opportunities. Instead of going to all the stores checking for the best price on a certain item, you can slowly look at all the stores online without all the extra work (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). Unlike shopping in the store, when shopping online you can Google discount codes for that store and exempt more money with the codes they offer. If you find yourself online shopping at the same store frequently it would be a good idea to sign up for their e-mail list.You will receive weekly codes free shipping and chaws online that they do not normally have in the stores. Online shopping is marvelous to look at other peoples reviews on the product you are about to buy (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). If there are terrible reviews, you will save money by not choosing the poorly reviewed item. That benefit is not offered when shopping in the store. There are always inconveniences to trying to buy things online that you would not experience if you went to the store. If you are trying to buy clothing or s hoes, you will have to know what your size is or you could order the wrong one. Most stores very in sizes, so it is not wise to order online if you are not familiar with your size from that particular store. When shopping for things like article of furniture or home dcor, it may be hard to tell the size or get color so when you get that item you may not like it in person.If you were shopping online for lotion, perfume, or makeup you may not like the scent, color, or feel of that product, but if you went to the store you would not deal with problem like that. Another thing that causes inconveniences is the shipping costs and the amount shopping time (Advantage disadvantage Of Shopping Online, 1993). Instead of wasting gas money, you have to spend money shipping the products to your house, and it could take days to get there. At that point you are only saving mileage on your car. When shopping online it will be important to know the conk policy of that specific store, because all t he stores are different. If you order something online, and you cannot return the item you are stuck with it no matter what (Advantage Disadvantage Of Shopping Online, 1993). Also there can be an issue of not having a credit card.If you are the type of person who chooses not to have one, then you cannot order items online. If you go shopping at the store you have the option of paying by cash, check, or credit card. If you do have a credit card and order online then you have to worry about identity theft and making sure that website has a secure checkout (Advantage Disadvantage Of Shopping Online, 1993). Technology will continue to expand, help make our lives easier, and create less of a hassle. Brick and mortar will always be a way to shop, but online shopping will continue to grow and become more popular as technology adapts to the future.When you online shop it makes your shopping time easier and shorter compared to brick-and-mortar shopping. You would not have to bother getting ready or driving there, you could sit in the comfort of your own home opus ordering the items you need without leaving your home. Although brick-and-mortar shopping is better to actually see, touch, and try what you will buy, which is something online shopping does not offer (Advantage Disadvantage Of Shopping Online, 1993). When shopping online it is easy to quickly find a coupon to save you some money, which is another thing you cant do in the store. Online or brick and mortar shopping, everyone has their own preference.

Early School Leavers Essay Example for Free

Early School Leavers EssayWhy do student drop come out of croak? Do you hunch over why students drop out of prepare? Nowadays students usually drop out of school, to get a c atomic number 18er. More than before job seekers be looking for sight who have terminate high school (at least). The fact that students drop out of school is caused for different authors. T present atomic number 18 triplet main causes why students drop out of school they derrieret afford tuition, they prefer to work, and they fail the course. Family problems be superstar cause. If parents are divorced, no-one may be taking responsibility for the child.If parents are uneducated, there may be little encouragement to do homework or to stay in school. Financial factors are to a fault important. Some students want to work in order to support their families. In contrast, others may have family businesses and not see any benefit in obtaining a high school certificates. Perhaps the main movement why st udents drop out is for academic reasons. For legion(predicate) students, school is smother and boring. The curriculum does not repugn them or grab their attention and they are unable to be creative.Others have learning difficulties that need specialist help. New Zealand has the second-worst drop-out rate in the developed world. It shows that 26. 9 per cent of New Zealanders aged 15 to 19 are not in statement. More than a quarter of Kiwi teenagers quit school early. many a(prenominal) students fail to complete their basic schooling. This can cause serious problems for the individual, their families and the country. In this opinion, I exit quiz the reasons why students leave school early, and suggest some possible solutions. I both agree and disaccord with the reasons presented here.The paper said one of the main reasons is that students drop out because they PERCEIVE that sievees are boring. The truth is that many classes ARE extremely dull, due to poor lesson- figurening a nd unmotivated, apathetic teachers. Demonizing the students perception of the classes is nothing more(prenominal) than a considerate yet deceptive approach at the internal shortcomings of the educational bureaucracy. Instead of engaging work and officious intellectual discussion/debate, students are forced to jump through the hoops of pointless busy work and futile self-help/self-awareness assignments such as this one.Student disinterest and apathy are products of a stagnant and stifling environment. Dropout rates, I personally believe, would be exponentially lowered if educators took a less bureaucratic approach at student achievement. You cant have a successful one size fits all plan that will actually end up working. The theories of Dr. Howard Gardner at quiz to this by outlining the many different ways that people can think. Standards written by left-brain officials cannot work for predominantly right-brain students.For years in this school system my creativeness and viewpoi nts have improve in some classes, but for the most part have been subdue by teachers not willing to either put forth the effort necessary to facilitate such individualism or that are simply opposed to any unorthodox thinking or changes in practice. In an environment where the students are not the customers and when individuality is squelched in the name of following senseless, regimented practices, the students are done a great disservice. I am committed to graduate ONLY because I know that I must do so to get anywhere in life.I am frustrated, dissatisfied, and stifled by MANY of the practices employed in many classes I have this year and have had in the past within the school system. Many who read what I have written here will look down on my views, because they will see them as rocking the boat, something that I believe it is safe to say is frowned upon here as a general rule. on that point is a quote by John Locke that says, New opinions are always suspected and usually oppose d, without any other reason but because they are not common. There is such logic in this and the sad thing is that my ideas (in this respect) are neither new nor radical, only detest because they require energetic commitment to be put into practice. It saddens me deeply that the school boasts of a forward-thinking, cutting-edge, technologically-cantered, example-setting school system, when in reality these claims are only partially true. Money is NOT the issue. I am so ply up with the excuse of lack of funding being used to excuse time-wasting, needless activities An engaging, entertaining, worthwhile class can be executed with nothing more than a committed instructor and engaged students .I am not referring to some ideal, yet non-existent classroom setting. My PHYSICS class this year has been absolutely ravish EVEN THOUGH some of the required, yet frustrating practices have been implemented in her class on a regular basis. At the end of the day, those who come to school with a g enuine DESIRE to have a bun in the oven something away from the experience do so and those who have no drive do not do so, REGARDLESSS of the implementation of the practices put into place in hopes of improving student achievement.The problem with these types of measures is that they focus solely on boosting TEST SCORES. THIS IS NOT THE PROPER APPROACH (Standardized tests are 9 times out of 10 are a very poor representation of student UNDERSTANDING. Simple memorization is not adequate education I can memorize scores of random information and then ace a test over it, but all that proves is that I have a good memory. Memory is of importance, there is no doubt of this, but equally, it is NOT the main goal. A deep determineing of the material is vastly more instrumental in the students gaining REAL-WORLD understanding.It is no wonder to me why so many graduates/dropouts here go into twirl/metalworking, etc. These are the only classes many individuals find worthwhile because they are the few classes offered that provide active experience that guarantee understanding through practice, not simple words. I guarantee you I can read an instructional book on how to do just about ANYTHING, and then write extensively on how to do it, but that writing is no proof whatsoever that I actually understand how to perform said task or that I am physically capable of doing the activity in a real-world setting.I have a lot more that I could say but basically all Im trying to get across is that the entire focus in this school is wrong and that is one of the main reasons for teenage dropouts here. As can be seen, there is no one solution to the problem of school drop-outs. Educational authorities, parents and schools need to work closely together to find the reason for each students decision to leave school, and to try to do as much as possible to encourage them to stay in the system.

Motivation to Help Essay Example for Free

motif to Help EssayThis paper discusses the social psychological perspective on attending. It tackles the factors that lead race to help other spate and the theoretical basis on such actions. It also includes a reflection on the altruistic property in helping. Motivation to Help The murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964 as one of the intimately disturbing cases where almost 40 people were witnesses but none of them called the police in time to rescue her. This baffled social psychologists as to how this was possible. The result of their investigation was the formation of the concept of the Genovese Syndrome.This condition is theorized to exist on certain emergency postures where people encounter a diffusion of responsibility. This was because of the public opinion that there will be someone who will carry out the responsibility (Alex, 2008). On a personal account, an example of this behavior was observed in the sidewalk near a well-known obtain center. A lady, approximately aged 50 years was walking on the nearly crowded pavage when two men riding a motorcycle snatched her bag. It was not easily taken from her since she tried to nurse herself and her belongings.The struggle made the two men shoot the lady until she was down on the sidewalk. The initial reception of the people there was to run away from the scene. When the two men quickly left, the people slowly went towards the lady. naught helped until the lady screamed in pain. There ar a number of factors that have resulted to the lack of responsiveness of the people on the victim. One of which is the bystander effect. Since there atomic number 18 more than people in the area, the responsibility of helping the victim is divided among them.Each of these people had two choices of whether they should act or wait for someone to do it. Thus, the more people there are in the area means that people flavor less induce (The Bystander Effect, n. d. ). Also, the scream of the lady whitethorn have som ehow alarmed the people around her, which may have motivated the some people to finally help her. Basically, there are five step to helping or prosocial behavior. First of all, in order to help, there must be a credit that something is happening. It must also be interpreted as an emergency.The person who is to help must also feel the responsibility towards the situation. He must also know how he is going to help. Finally, the be of helping are also assessed (Stocker, n. d. ). In this particular scenario, the five steps were evident. Although the initial reaction was to run because of the gun shot, people did realize that it was an emergency situation. However, because there were a lot of people, they did not have much responsibility for the situation because of the assumption that someone will act.When the lady screamed and the two men left, it was the time when someone helped, knowing that the costs are already low and it was no longer dangerous. There are many theories which ex plain why people are motivated to help. However, the most widely accepted speculation on the subject is the theory of Victor Vroom, known as the expectancy theory. This simply states that people are motivated to help because they are expecting something in return such as a reward, or a good performance approximation (Shah, n. d. ). Based on this theory, the act of helping may not be truly altruistic because of the tilt to expect for something in return.If the one helping does not want anything as a reward, it may be because of other outside factors such as his social image, religion, or the dictate of the society. Nevertheless, additional helped could have been offered in the situation, knowing the there were a lot of people in the situation. If all of them felt responsible for the incident, it is most likely that the crime would have been prevented. References Alex. (2008, February 13). The Genovese Syndrome When Nobody Helps. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Neatorama http//www. n eatorama. com/2008/02/13/the-genovese-syndrome-when-nobody-helps/Shah, K. , Shah, P. (n. d. ). Theories of Motivation. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Laynetworks http//www. laynetworks. com/Theories-of-Motivation. html Stocker, S. (n. d. ). Social Psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from http//web lay away. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cacheP4aNe4_DzhsJwww. spsp. org/student/intro/ppt/myers15. ppt+five+steps+to+prosocial+behaviorcd=4hl=enct=clnkgl=ph The Bystander Effect. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Changing Minds http//changingminds. org/explanations/theories/bystander_effect. htm

All About Writing Topics Essay Example for Free

All or so Writing Topics EssayAn essay is a short piece of writing on a outcome and presents the authors point of view on the matter. It is a pure non-fiction presentation of the generators outlook on the topic that is the focus of the essay.1 An essay should be structured in different sections that make it easy for the askers to read and follow the authors thoughts clearly. It is composed of the introductory paragraph, supporting paragraphs and the summary paragraph. The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of an essay. It brings the principal(prenominal) idea of the essay. It captures the interest of the ratifier and notifies wherefore the topic is important. Another important part of an essay is the main(prenominal) body or the supporting paragraphs. In these paragraphs, the main idea is discussed.The points are cited unmatch up to(p) by one to develop the main idea of the essay. Aside from the introductory and supporting paragraphs is the summary paragraph which comes at the termination of the essay. In this paragraph, all the ideas in the supporting paragraph are explained through a consequence. By drill this part alone, the reader should be able to understand the whole idea of the essay.2 Since an essay can describe, clarify, designate or analyze, it has different types.3The four major types of essays are floor, descriptive, expository and persuasive essays. In a narrative essay, the writer tells a story about a real-life experience. When writing this type of essay, writers should try to involve the reader by making the story as vivid as possible.A well-crafted essay builds towards a conclusion or making a personal statement. The second major type on the other stack which is the descriptive essay, paints a picture with run-in. A writer might describe a person, place, object, or dismantle memory of special significance. The descriptive essay strives to communicate a deeper meaning through the description. This uses colorful w ords and sensory details. The third type is the expository essay. This essay is an informative piece of writing that presents a equilibrize analysis of a topic. Moreover, in this type of essay, the writer explains or defines a topic, using facts, statistics, and examples.Lastly is the persuasive essay. While like an expository essay in its presentation of facts, the goal of the persuasive essay is to commute the reader to accept the writers point of view or recommendation. In this type of essay, the writer should present all sides of the argument, but must be able to communicate clearly and without equivocation why a certain position is correct.4 Despite having many types of essays with various compositions, they have one thing in common. All essays are collection of interesting ideas which are thoroughly organized to assure that readers are able to fully understand the main ideas of the essays.1 What is an essay, http//www.essaycapital.com/what_is_an_essay.htm. 2 Parts of an Essa y, http//www.customessaypaper.com/essay-help/parts-of-an-essay.htm. 3 Grace Fleming, What is an Essay, http//homeworktips.about.com/od/collegeprepglossary /g/essay.htm.4 Types of Essays End the Confusion,http//www.time4writing.com/writing-resources/types-of-essays/.

IKEAs transport methods Essay Example for Free

IKEAs transport methods EssayAllowing the public to visit the business Makes the customer feel more(prenominal) welcome, and at home with IKEA if they feel moved by learning more about the company.Public dealings push aside be a very expensive form of promotion, and it can be difficult for businesses to measure the effect of public relations on sales.Catalogues be a huge part of advertisement for IKEA, its relatively cheap when comp ard to TV adverts, and its fairly easy to get to the customer, IKEA print 131 million copies of there catalogue fashioning it the most widely distri yeted commercial publication in the world. Having picked up a couple of the latest IKEA catalogues and handbooks, its authorize that IKEA thrive on simplicity.The IKEA text is the same font on either brochures, with the traditional blue and yellow logo on the bottom hand side of the page this creates continuity which means people cut it straight away when they see it again, the traditional ye llow and blue logo is based on the colour of there home country Sweden. The background images are warm, cosy, family pictures, one containing a large sofa with numerous pillows, the other an aqua blue kitchen. This gets the message across to the reader that there is a large come in of products available, furthermore on the front cover they get the message about there prices, Pay less, wonder more and your 100 page guide to making an affordable, inspired choice. This encourages the public to go through the IKEA catalogue. moreover the catalogue brings the IKEA store into your home, its the best way to prepare for a visit to IKEA.d)Place is another term for distribution. It covers the carry of activities necessary to ensure that goods and avails are available to customers. Deciding on the right place involves a range of decisions.A business needs to consider the most cost-effective way of getting its products and service to the customers. It needs to look at the implications for its profit margins of each means of distribution.The growth in use of the net has encouraged even tiny businesses to use websites to cheat their products to what can be a global market. This can be highly cost effective means of reaching a wide target audience, but is not suitable for all business and all products.Businesses seek to design selling mixes that are complementary color and work together to benefit the business and to maximise sales. For example, Ikea promotes itself to its target audience on the basis that it offers the terminal possible prices. Place is important to Ikea, and the company locates stores in areas where it costs less to set up, eg on the outskirts of study cities. Which targets both high income earners and low.IKEAs transport methods are highly effective, large volumes in combination with flat packages are important in helping IKEA to transport products economically from the supplier via the stores to the customers. Flat packs mean that IKEA do not have to pay for transporting or storing unnecessary air and that not only means lower warehouse and distribution costs, but also less impact on the environment. At present 20 % of all IKEA goods are transported by rail.It makes sense for Ikea to target a wide range of customers. This is referred to as mass marketing. precisely theres the other side of it where in some situations they will target small sections of the market. Taken to the limit, this might involve catering for a small select group of customers a target market that has very specialized needs. I.E childrens section.In mass marketing, Ikea would aim their products at most of the available market and normally try to sell a range of similar products to all customers. Mass marketing is possible if the products are popular and purchased by many different types of people. For example Ikeas furniture products are well suited to being sold in mass markets.Businesses must be able to produce on a large scale if they are to sell successfully in a mass market. A company may have to tog heavily in resources such as buildings, machinery and vehicles. Usually, firms also have to be very price competitory to flourish in mass markets.By contrast, niche marketing involves companies identifying and meeting the needs of relatively small areas of the market. The aim is to cater for the needs of customers that have not been met sufficiently by other business, and niche marketing is one way in which small businesses can operate profitably in markets that are prevail by large firms. An example would be Ikea and their play pen for younger children.

Expository Essay on Exercise and Obesity Essay Example for Free

Expository Essay on Exercise and Obesity Essay roughly say that a decreased amount of quietness time can be associated with the increase of organic structure fat. Insomnia or residual apnea or even RLS (restless respite syndrome) are just three out of many another(prenominal) varied types serious sleep that can also in fact lead to all kinds of increase risk several other continuing health problems. Multiple studies take a shit explained the sudden impulse of these sleep disorders and the links its shares on obesity, these are very important links in contemplating the relationship between sleep disorders obesity. Physical fitness and good eating habits are important prognostic tools in obesity and chronic disease there are several studies that have examined the likeness between obesity, sleep disorders, and exercise. It also explains how different sleep disorders may conflict the physical fitness regimen responses and how extremely overweight may impact lifestyles of th e patients with regard to sleep disorders will also be reviewed. (Hargens, 2013) (Nature Science of sleep. 2013 Vol 5 p,27-35. 9p.The explanation to these issues include dampen understanding of the medical community, However, it does still remain brainless about these ailment processes of work out and sleep destitute patients. For the most part doctors recommend medications with side effects that include insomnia and weight gain sooner of giving out information to their patients that help them to get better standard of living improvement. This often entails exceptional(a) doctors with outstanding management such as medication with no negative side effects. (hargens, 2013) Many studies have established the link between sleep deficiency and both obesity and even the illness called diabetes. By getting a good work out may improve sleep destitute patients and their insouciant functions, additionally to gaining weight and metabolism function. Obesity has been a main part in the con nection with SC and DC in women, and DC in men. (Grandner) April 24 2013 The resolution to these issues contain better understanding of the health community, However, it does still continues to be dense about these ailment process of obesity. exercise and sleep destitute patients.

If I Was Given a Gift as Money Essay Example for Free

If I Was condition a Gift as Money EssayIf I were given bills as a gift and had a choice between buying a piece of jewelry that I equivalent or tickets to a contrive that I want to attend, I would most likely choose the concert tickets. It actually depends on what kind of concert it is moreover if it was about music, for example a live mathematical operation of a famous musician, I would probably choose the concert tickets. This is because the jewelry can be bought any(prenominal) time when you can afford it but attending a concert has a much more rare chance. Eventually I would probably choose to attend the concert I wanted.Most of all, a piece of jewelry can be pretty and you might feel good when you wear it, but music is a lifelong interest that I impart continue to have throughout my life. liberation to a live concert can be a wonderful experience that I will remember for a long time, but when I buy a piece of jewelry, the good imprint I get from buying it will la st only a short time. The gift of sack to a concert can keep on giving even after the concert is over. If I enjoy the concert, I can buy the music that I saw live on a CD and listen to it many times over or record it by video register and relive the experience. Each time I listen to the music, I might find a unseasoned detail that I did not notice before, but a piece of jewelry will be forever and a day the same.In addition, having a jewelry will not be able to share the feel your friends will be jealous of you instead, where as you might be able to attend the concert with your friends. It is always nice to listen to music, but it is made even more enjoyable when it is seen live with friends. By exit to a concert together we would be able to strengthen our relationship. Over all I would choose to attend a concert using the gift of money.In conclusion, even though having a clean piece of jewelry is nice, I would prefer to buy tickets for a concert if I were given money as a gi ft. The reasons why I would choose the concert tickets over a piece of jewelry are that going to a concert can be a wonderful and lifelong experience, and that I can improve relations with my friends by attending a concert.

Approaches to the Study of Political Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Approaches to the Study of Political philosophy EssayApproaches to the Study of Political Philosophy Problems and Challenges of definition *Notes compiled from David Boucher Paul Kellys Introduction in Political Thinkers From Socrates to the Present, and Terence Balls History and the Interpretation of Texts* Political vista is thought ab come in the State, its structure, nature and purpose. It is concerned with the moral ele handsts of human behaviour in a company. Differentiating between the purpose of semi policy-making life and life itself is difficult as it involves considerations of the conceptions of right and wrong, which discord from person to person and quantify to meter. Political thinkers/philosophers have attempted to explain institutions practices, advise rulers, defend authentic values or principles, and pinkd the existing world around them. They have focused broadly on the fount of society or people and narrowly on institutions of governwork forcet, l aw making the exercise of coercive power. At the most general level, semi governmental thought converges with present understandings of ethics moral philosophy as well as sociology and theological clear ups. The sheer variety of plurality of styles, preliminaryes, and presuppositions has made policy-making thought an exciting reason pursuit.Approaches to theorizing politics differ, and so do chronicles of how and why political thought should continue to be studied. When debateing political philosophy and the texts of the various historic philosophers, contrasting factors work to influence one and only(a)s understanding. Broadly, there is a text and a context to the text, and the study of authorised political philosophy should intellectionlly back out into account both, in order to fully understand various nuances of every thinker. Philosophical Considerations Political philosophy premiere began to emerge in histories of philosophy and general literature.By the 19th century, philosophical idealism was taking antecedence and emphasis was on the coherence theory of truth. Under this slang, the history of political thought was largely seen as a precursor to formulating ones witness philosophy. Viewing the history of political thought as a stimulus to philosophy was non confined to idealists though, and most recent and distinguished exponents of this view admit Leo Strauss and Eric Voegelin. In essence this approach focused on the text and emphasised the timelessness of the ideas throw up forth therein.Political Thought as History This view concerned itself with the issue of what properly comprise a historical study. Cambridge School of the 1960s and after, whose principal exponents were J. G. A Pocock and Quentin Skinner, argued for the disciplinary integrity of the historical study of political thought. This view, largely contextual in nature, stresses the historicity of the history of political theory and of intellectual history to a g reater extent generally, in the words of Skinner. For Pocock it was the historian, not the philosopher, who was the guardian of the truth.The text of historic philosophers is thus understood in context of its historical time. Both Skinner and Pocock posit a linguistic context as the abstract unit of abbreviation that elicit the types of meaning that the historian makes intelligible. Political Thought and the Claims of Science There was a demand for the discipline to conform to scientific modes of explanation. History for its own sake was viewed as a classical collection of facts and these facts needed to be subjected to scientific considerations in order for them to be considered credible.Frederick Pollock delegated patient analysis and unbiased research as core signs of scientific analysis, according to which Machiavelli give the axe be considered the greatest indorser to the dispassionate scientific study of politics. This view largely emphasised the objectivity of the inqui rer and the need to organize generalizations that might be of use to a political scientist. Political Thought and Practice It is considered difficult, even undesirable, to ruin practical from philosophical considerations.Political questions be intensely practical and political opinions potentially divisive and emotive. This view focused on importance of bridging the divide between theory and practice and maintained that the study of the bygone must have practical value for the present trying to establish the possibility of normative political theory. gibe to R. G. Collingwood, theory and practice overlap, and all philosophical problems arise from practical problems, and their solutions return to practice.This view embodies the comprehension that first order political theorizing cannot emerge from nowhere, but is a constructive enterprise which involves building, expanding and developing the vocabularies that ar inherent in great political texts. The Straussians have vocifero usly advocated the importance of classical authors and their texts, and contended that it is our duty to take their claims to truth seriously. However, one does not have to be Straussian to defend the value of studying the value of classical texts.Even defenders of disinterested historical inquiry under the heading of the Cambridge School do not repeal drawing substantive, albeit negative, lessons from the contemplations of classical thinkers. Political philosophers can be classified in different ways with applaud to their opinions or beliefs on such concepts as that of the State and its importance, or of the nature of humans. Conceptions of the State and why men obey it are largely of two types 1. Organic State The idea that the State is and organism of which men themselves are parts. This means that the state is larger than the men who make it it is real and they are merely abstractions.This idea was brought forth by the Greeks, and the Stoics applied it to humanity as a whole . Consequently, it was taken over by Christianity and reigned despotic throughout the Middle Ages, until it was finally challenged at the time of the scientific revolution of the 17th century. This led to the secant conception. 2. Mechanic State The idea that the state is a machine which men create for their own purposes. custody are real the state is merely a device. This view held its own throughout the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century.Subsequently, both the conceptions were generally accepted at different periods in history, one or the other take for granted prime importance at some time. A further classification allots political thinkers to three different traditions 1. Rational-Natural Tradition Society and the state can only be understood when related to an absolute standard, which exists in nature and is thus outside human control. 2. Will and contrivance Society and the state are staged and not natural and that not the Reason but the Will of man is required to p roduce the State. creations Will has the power to alter society. 3. historical Coherence Rejects both the previous traditions as defective. Attempts to primer coat Reason and Will, emphasises the importance of historical growth and denies that absolute standards exist. Believers of the Mechanic State belong to the Will and artificeifice tradition, while those who believe in an Organic State can be from either Rational-Natural or Historical Coherence traditions. Perennial Problems Students of political thought are aware of the variety of attitudes one may fall out towards the past and the study of classical texts.The so called New Historians pressed the claims of history as an autonomous discipline distinct from the philosophical character of its subject matter. George Sabine epitomized the basic assumption involved in positing the existence of immortal problems by reiterating that political problems and smudges are more or less alike from time to time and from place to place . Quentin Skinner maintained that understanding the arguments of the political philosophers entailed reconstructing the language context in which they were formulated.He associated the idea of perenniality and timelessness with what he called the textual approach. He argued that to concede that the social context is a necessary condition for an understanding of the classic texts constitutes a denial that they contain any elements of timelessness or perennial interest. Most historians however, did not distinguish between textualist and contextualist variant. In fact, many argued that the social context servicing provide a clearer understanding of the meaning of a text.Despite differences of emphasis, most historians of political thought tend to agree that history is self- companionship of the mind (Collingwood). Skinner likewise held the view that studying how past thinkers have dealt with political concepts could enable us to see our way round seemingly intractable conceptual pr oblems in the present. The Art of Interpretation Hermeneutics The study of political thought or theory, involves out of necessity, attempts to understand messages or ideas sent to us by thinkers who are long dead, and whose industrial plant we read and reread in order to derive their meaning. and so political theory can be called a backward flavor enterprise. Interpretation of the works of the likes of Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli to mill around, becomes a necessary process for the meaning seeking creatures that we are. Naturally, therefore, there exist a number of domesticates of catchation, the chief tenets of which go out be highlighted further, and so will the interpretive controversies between and among them. It should however be made clear that not all readings are equally valid or valuable and that they are rationally criticisable.The vocation of political theory is in large part defined by its attention to the classic works. These authors and their works comprise a n important aspect of our political tradition, which we renew and enrich by reading, reflecting upon and criticizing these classic works, the concepts, and context of which are largely unfamiliar to our modern understanding. A good interpretation is one that diminishes the strangeness of the text, making it more familiar and accessible. There is no neutral standpoint from which to interpret any text, the vantage point can differ.This can be seen through the following Schools of Interpretation. 1. Marxian Interpretation According to Marx, the ideas of the judgment class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i. e. the governing or mainstream ideas of any era, are those that serve the interests of the dominant class, thereby legitimizing its position of power in society. For example, slavery is portrayed as normal by Aristotle, who belonged to the slave owning society of Greece, where slavery was the norm, while in capitalistic societies, free market is portrayed by mainstream media t o be the best form of economic organization.Thus, for Marx, the point and purpose of any ideology is to lend legitimacy to the rule of the dominant class or social order they serve as smoke screens, hiding the rudimentary humans from the public and presenting a superficial false picture of a just society. For a Marxist, the task of textual interpretation is to uncover this obscured reality and expose the illusion of that epoch. This approach is sometimes known as the hermeneutics of qualm. It is a highly cynical approach that undermines the importance of ideologies.It takes no statement at face value, and performs the theatrical role of ideology critical review focusing on delving deeper to expose realities. An example of such an interpretation is Macphersons critique of Lockes justification for private property, making him out to be a propagandist for the emerging capitalist order at the time. The Marxian approach encounters certain difficulties According to the Marxist assum ption that ruling ideas serve the ruling class, this should hold true even for Marx himself, as he was not part of the working class that he championed.By his own argument, his ideas should then be serving the interests of the ruling capitalist class, not the labouring proletariat. How their own theorizing is exempted from being interpreted as an ideological mask as opposed to all other ideologies is not explained. This approach gives the representative a pre-existing notion that he/she will find ideological trickery, which hampers prosaic interpretation free from bias. 2. Totalitarian Interpretation Rice of fascism and communism in the 20th century tag an era of the prominence of totalitarian regimes.The totalitarian school of textual interpretation anchors these ideologies to the thinking of early political theorists, going as far back as Plato, iterating that when their theories were put into modern practice, they produced Hitler and Stalin. Once one tries to attribute pro-tot alitarian tendencies, they seem to be everywhere. Platos perfect republic ruled by a philosopher king who employs security review and noble lies becomes a blueprint for a Nazi regime ruled by an all knowing Fuhrer. The same might be said close Machiavellis ruthless Prince and Rousseaus all-wise Legislator in The complaisant Contract.Sir Karl Popper was among the most prominent representatives of the totalitarian approach. His The Open Society and Its Enemies traces the roots of modern totalitarianism to the ideas advance by the enemies of the open society from Plato through to Marx. However, such interpretations of classic texts suffer from misreading of meanings, without placing the statements in their proper context. Further, an interpreter who stitches together statements taken out of their textual and linguistic context, in order to prove his pre-set idea of an underlying totalitarian theme, does not do justice to either the text or to himself.3. Psychoanalytic (Freudian) I nterpretation This approach is based on Sigmund Freuds famous argument that our actions are often motivated by our wishes, desires or fears of which we are not consciously aware. These interpretations (like the Marxian ones) also fall under the hermeneutics of suspicion. One can supply psychoanalytical interpretations of all sorts of texts, including those in political theory. This has been done in the case of Machiavelli, Edmund Burke, Mahatama Gandhi and J. S. Mill among others.Bruce Mazlishs psychoanalytic interpretation of themes in the work of John Stuart Mill is an important example. In Mills On Liberty, he argues in favour of a very wide sphere of personal freedom to live ones life as one wishes, without undue interference from others. As Mills narrative tells us, he had a much regimented upbringing by his stern Scots father crowd Mill, which took its toll on young John who suffered from a mental breakdown at the age of 20, from which he recovered slowly and in part by read ing the romantic poetry of Coleridge and Wordsworth. Subsequently, J. S.Mill ceased to be his fathers intellectual clone and became a thinker of his own, more prolific and famous than his father. straight Mazlish interprets On Liberty less as a work of liberal political theory, and more as a declaration of personal independence that is more autobiographical than analytical. According to the Freudian theory, Mazlish suggests that Mill was locked in an oedipal struggle with his father, whom he ultimately defeated in argument. While this may seem at the flack a rather suggestive and maybe insightful interpretation, such interpretations face stiff evidentiary challenges.This school faces criticisms of being too speculative, impressionistic and non-falsifiable. They are said to mistake coincidences for causes. 4. Feminist Interpretation A womens rightist perspective puts gender issues at the forefront, and has had a lasting impact on the way we study and interpret works. It introduces a strong sense of scepticism into the study of classic works. According to Susan Okin, the great tradition of political philosophy consists, generally speaking, of writings by men, for men, and about men.The feminist perspective highlights the extent to which civic and legal status of women was long considered a subject unworthy of theoretical treatment. This approach began in the 1960s, when women were looking for a history that connected present struggles with previous ones largely neglected by mostly young-begetting(prenominal) historians. Feminist historians of political though sought those who had championed the cause of womens rights and related causes. Men like Friedrich Engels and J. S. Mill were placed in the feminist pantheon. Jeremy Bentham was honoured as the father of feminism.This transgender popular front was however, short lived. It turned out that the difference between outright misogynists like Aristotle and Rousseau and their more enlightened liberal brothers (above) was simply in matters of degree, not kind. By and large, male theorists marginalized women and placed them outside the public or civic sphere in which men move and act politically. In an angrier second frame, feminist scholars set out to expose and criticize the misogyny lurking in the works of Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Bentham, Mill and Marx among others.They dismissed public/private dichotomy and the concept of take to in liberal theory as a sham, the social contract as a biovular construct, and the modern welfare state as a covertly patriarchal institution. A third phase turned ostensibly civic virtues of men into vices and coined the term maternal thinking to cover nurturing womens lightly militant momism. However, this phase of valorisation of the private realm, found many critics, even feminists like Mary Dietz, who kind of held out the prospect of an active engaged civic feminism.It turns out that feminists must try and engage in mo re nuanced textual analysis and historical interpretation. The Western political tradition is not reducible to a swallow hole of misogyny and other vices it can, if understood properly, be a wellspring of political wisdom. 5. Straussian Interpretation This view is of the pursuit of Leo Strauss, and they claim that a canon of works by Plato and other authors contains the Whole Truth about politics, one which is eternal, unchanging and accessible only to a fortunate few. Strauss was a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany, who hated modern liberalism and distrusted liberal democracy.He saw the history of modern Western liberal political thought as a story of degeneration and enfeeblement modern liberalism was according to him a philosophy without foundations. Strauss announced, the crisis of our time is a consequence of the crisis of political philosophy. His and his disciples historical inquiries and textual interpretations attempted to trace the origins and diagnose the multiple mala dies of liberalism, relativism, historicism and scientism that together contributed to the crisis of our time.He criticises liberal modern thinkers such as Hobbes/Locke for negating the older concepts of Natural law and instead propagated concepts of self- interest and security. Of course, like every other approach to interpretation, Straussians have also faced their circumstances of criticism, mainly on the ground that they rely on a supposed insiders knowledge for their interpretation, which mud an ambiguous concept. 6. Postmodernist Interpretation This perspective arises out of the postmodern condition of fragmentation and the failure of self-opinionated philosophies or grand metanarratives like Hegelianism or Marxism.Post-modernism is not a genius unified perspective nor is it a systematic philosophy shared by all postmodernists. The postmodern sensibility is not a single stable thing. There are two main versions of postmodernist interpretation Foucauldian Approach, derived from Nietzsche and Foucault, which seeks to criticize the myriad ways in which human beings are normalized or made into subjects. They portray the classic thinkers as villains promoting a command state, and postmodernists like Nietzsche as heroes who dared to resist.Derridas version, where the aim of interpretation is to expose and criticize the arbitrary character of claims to truth or knowledge. A process that Derrida calls deconstruction. He argues that all attempts to represent reality produce, not knowledge or truth, but only different representations. The main criticism against this school of interpretation is that it is constitutionally inefficient to distinguish truth from falsehood and propaganda from fact, which makes this perspective unsatisfactory from both epistemological as well as moral points of view.7. Cambridge New History Since the 1960s, the Cambridge new historians have advanced a distinctive programme of historical research and textual interpretation. The lik es of J. G. A. Pocock and Quentin Skinner provided deflationary critiques of traditional textbook approaches to the interpretation of works of political theory. According to them, most of what had till then passed as the history of political theory has been insufficiently historical, i. e.concerned with the context situation in which earlier thinkers found themselves and the problems with which they dealt.They viewed works of political theory as forms of political action, with words that are intended to produce certain effects in the reader to warn, persuade, criticize, frighten, encourage, console etc. Textual interpretation thus becomes largely a matter of restoring a text to the historical context in which it was self-possessed and the questions to which it was offered as an answer.CONCLUSION Pluralist Problem Driven Interpretation Terence Ball thereby concludes that no single system will suffice to answer all the questions we wish to ask of any work of political theory. Th erefore, a plurality of approaches and methods is preferable to a more confining mono-methodology that restricts the range of questions we can ask and address. He also agrees with the Cambridge new historians about the importance of intellectual, political and linguistic contexts within which theorists write.His view further states that since our interpretive inquiries are largely problem driven, we are likely to be less interested in authors or contexts, than in particular problems that might arise as we attempt to understand the former. In sum, the historical study of political theory is a problem solving activity. It takes other interpretations as alternative solutions to a problem and goes on to assess their adequacy vis-a-vis each other. Therefore, the activity of rereading, reinterpretation, and reappraisal is an indispensable, rather defining, feature of this craft.